Global Knockout City League

Season 0 competition rules

These rules govern Season 0: free play from September 3, 2026, the three free prizes, and the Season 0 sweepstakes. The three free prizes close October 31, 2026 at 7:59 PM Eastern (23:59 UTC) and are awarded by November 15, 2026. Paid league play and the Championship in January 2027 are Season 1, a separate competition with its own entry, its own prize pool and its own rules. Free play itself continues to January 31, 2027. Read section 3 before paying for anything.

This page covers two separate things. Sections 1 to 10 are the competition: you pay to enter, you play, and you win on results. Section 11 is the Season 0 sweepstakes: a prize draw with no purchase necessary, decided by chance rather than by skill. Nothing in one carries over to the other.

Changes are recorded at the foot of this page.

Contents

  1. Season structure and dates
  2. Divisions and eligibility
  3. Entry fees and refunds
  4. Prize pool
  5. Prizes
  6. Seeding
  7. Match format
  8. Forfeits and no-shows
  9. Conduct and results
  10. Still being decided
  11. Season 0 sweepstakes

1. Season structure and dates

PhaseWhenCostWhat happens
Free playSeptember 15, 2026 – January 31, 2027FreePlay free on the league server, continuously. Live leaderboards throughout. Free play does not stop when the bracket runs. Play before the bracket opens is what seeds it.
The three free prizesClose October 31, 2026, 7:59 PM Eastern. Awarded by November 15, 2026FreeMost skill and Most growth are decided on play up to October 31, 2026 at 7:59 PM Eastern and no later, and the random draw is made from entries received by the same deadline. All three are awarded on the dates published in 11.4. These dates did not move when the bracket moved. Free play continues afterwards, but it does not count towards these three.
Season 1 paid league playJanuary 12 – 25, 2027$9.99 per playerPaid divisions enter bracket play. The entry price and what it covers are set in section 3. A paid seat buys eligibility for the Season 1 bracket prizes and cash pool. It buys nothing in Season 0 and confers no advantage in any Season 0 prize. Free play continues alongside.
Season 1 championshipFinal week, through January 31, 2027Included in entrySeason 1 bracket concludes. Season 1 division prizes awarded.
DrawAfter entry closes – see 11.4FreeSweepstakes drawn from the single pool. The entry deadline and the draw date are stated once, in 11.4.

Registration is free and is required to appear on any leaderboard. Registering does not commit you to paying for anything.

2. Divisions and eligibility

DivisionWho entersCostSeason 1 division prizes
WDBFTeams approved by the World Dodgeball Federation. Carries the national title.PaidYes
OpenAny individual player, including WDBF members not selected for a national team.PaidYes
FreeAnyone. No entry fee.FreeNo

Every division competes for the Season 0 prizes

The column above refers only to the Season 1 division prizes played for in January 2027. It does not mean a free player cannot win anything.

Most skill, Most growth and the random draw are open to every registered player, free and paid alike. They are the three Season 0 prizes, they are free to take part in, and no seat can be bought into any of them.

Free division players compete and are ranked on the leaderboard all season. They fund no Season 1 prize pool and receive no payout from it, and they compete for the three Season 0 prizes on exactly the same terms as everybody else. The payout exclusion is enforced in the software, not by policy alone: a prize resolution requested for the free division is refused outright.

You must be registered, and your in-game name must match the one on your registration, for your matches to count toward anything.

Age

The league is open to players aged 13 and over. This applies to every division, free and paid alike, and to the sweepstakes in section 11. It is not a prize rule: we do not collect data from anyone under 13, so there is no way to take part below that age.

Age is self declared at registration and again when you enter the sweepstakes. Declaring an age you are not is grounds for removal from the season, and forfeits any prize.

3. Entry fees and refunds

Entry is $9.99 per competing player. This is the only place the entry price is set, and every other money figure in these rules follows from it. Pricing is per seat, not per team.

Every team is three players. Three is both the minimum and the maximum: the league is played in trios, and a team cannot be registered at any other size. A full team is therefore three seats, or $29.97. The captain may pay for the whole roster in one transaction.

Refunds

Entry fees are final. There are no refunds once an entry is paid. The entry funds the prize pool, and a refund after brackets are seeded would take money out of a pool other players have already competed for.

Roster changes after payment

Every competing player pays. Entry is $9.99 per seat whether a seat is bought at the start of the season or added later.

If a team pays for its roster and later adds a player, that player’s seat is not yet covered and they cannot enter a paid bracket until it is. The captain can pay for the additional seat at any time from the team page, and the new player becomes eligible as soon as that payment settles.

This is not a penalty and it is not a second fee for anyone already paid for. It is the same $9.99 every other competitor paid, applied to the person who joined after the first payment was taken. A roster that grew from three to four has four competing players, and the prize pool is funded by four seats rather than three.

Replacing a player is the same arithmetic. A substitute who takes the place of someone who has left plays on the seat already paid for and owes nothing further; a substitute who is an addition to the roster is a new seat.

When entry opens

Entry for the Season 1 division competition opens November 3, 2026. The bracket is played January 12–25, 2027. Entry is open for ten weeks before the bracket so that teams can form and pay when they are ready, rather than everyone deciding on the day the bracket starts.

This buys a seat in Season 1. It buys nothing in Season 0. Every Season 0 prize is free to compete for, and no payment taken here affects any of them.

Entry opening is not the bracket starting. Nothing is played for money until January 12, 2027, and no payment is taken before November 3, 2026.

3 November is deliberately after the three free prizes close on 31 October, so that no paid entry can be open while the free prizes are still being decided. Those three prizes are free to compete for and nothing about them changes if you pay or do not.

4. Prize pool

This is the Season 1 division prize pool. It is funded by Season 1 entry fees, taken from 3 November 2026, and it is not connected to any Season 0 prize. No Season 0 prize is funded by a payment from anybody.

70% of every entry fee goes into the prize pool. 30% covers platform operations and support. On the $9.99 entry set in section 3, that is $6.99 into the pool and $3.00 to operations.

Pools are computed per division and are never combined. 70% of the WDBF division's fees funds the WDBF pool. 70% of the Open division's fees funds the Open pool. The two never cross-subsidise, and a division's winners are paid only from what that division's entrants contributed.

There is no guaranteed minimum and the pool is not underwritten. It grows with every entry, so there is no figure to quote until entries close. You are competing for a pool the entrants collectively fund.

5. Prizes

Cash from the prize pool described in section 4, plus in-kind prizes.

In-kind: TWT Audio gaming headsets.

Three headsets are awarded in Season 0, one in each of the three categories below. All three are decided on play up to October 31, 2026 at 7:59 PM Eastern and awarded by November 15, 2026. This is the only count. Any other number anywhere else is out of date and this list governs.

League matches played through cloud play count towards the Season 0 challenges exactly the same as matches played on a PC. The same match, the same credit, whichever way you connected to it.

Every Season 0 prize is free

All three Season 0 categories are free to compete for. No payment is taken before 3 November 2026, which is after all three have closed. Nobody can buy an advantage in any Season 0 prize, because there is nothing to buy while they are being decided.

Season 1. The WDBF division and Open division prizes, and the cash prize pool in section 4, belong to the Season 1 competition played in January 2027. Those categories still exist; they are not Season 0 prizes and are not decided here. Their quantities are published in the Season 1 rules.

The Compound Score is six independent goals: combat, style, teamwork, defense, mastery and consistency. Each clears on its own. Winning matches is not required to make progress on it.

6. Seeding

Free play is the qualification period. Seeding is computed from matches played between September 3, 2026, the first match recorded by a league player, and January 11, 2027 at 23:59 UTC – the day before paid bracket play begins. Free play itself continues to January 31, 2027; it is the seeding window that closes on the 11th, not free play. How you play inside that window determines your seed going into the brackets.

This start date replaces the 15 September previously published here. It was moved earlier, not later, so that no match a player has already played falls outside the season. Widening the window can only ever add a player's own matches back; it can never remove one, and nobody's progress is reduced by this change.

A player or team who skips free play entirely is seeded on nothing.

Brackets are single elimination, seeded so that the top seeds meet as late as the draw allows. A field that is not a power of two is padded with byes, and byes are given to the highest seeds.

7. Match format

Every bracket matchup is a best-of-three series. The series winner is the side that wins two legs. It is not decided on aggregate score: Knockout City resolves win or loss per match, so there is no points total to aggregate.

LegServerPlayed
1The higher seed's regional serverAlways
2The lower seed's regional serverAlways
3A neutral serverOnly if the series is 1-1

The neutral server is chosen by rule, not by agreement. It is the server with the lowest maximum ping across all players in the match, measured before the leg starts. It is not the geographic midpoint: routing does not follow distance, and an equal-but-high ping favours aggressive throwing over reactive catching, which would change the game rather than balance it.

Ping is recorded per player per leg.

Bracket matches are private matches, not street play. You schedule a window with your opponent, invite each other in game, and play it out directly. Free play continues to count toward the leaderboard and does not count as a bracket result.

8. Forfeits and no-shows

Each leg must be played within seven days of becoming available. A side that has not played within that window forfeits the leg.

A forfeited leg counts toward the two legs needed to win the series, exactly as a played leg would. A forfeit is recorded as a forfeit rather than as a played result, so it is distinguishable in the record.

9. Conduct and results

Every registrant agrees to the Community Conduct Pledge at registration. It applies for the whole season.

Results are recorded automatically. Match data is captured from the league server, normally within about a minute of the match ending. There is no self-reporting of scores, and no honour system to abuse.

Attempting to manipulate results, including deliberately losing to affect seeding or a bracket, is grounds for removal from the season without refund.

9.1 Deliberately playing below your level

Playing badly on purpose to make a later improvement look larger is a conduct breach. It is the same thing as deliberately losing to affect seeding, applied to a different prize, and it is treated the same way.

This is stated plainly because section 12.3 publishes how Most growth is measured, and anything measured can be played towards. The floor in 12.3 limits how much such an attempt could ever be worth. This section covers the attempt itself.

What is reviewable: a run of consecutive matches with near-zero output followed by a marked jump, in a player who had not yet set a baseline. That pattern is visible in the match data and does not require anyone to report it.

What is not: being new, being beaten, having a bad night, or improving quickly. Genuine improvement is the thing this prize exists to reward, and a large jump is not by itself evidence of anything. Players learn fast, and most of the biggest improvements on this board are real.

A person decides, not an algorithm. The organiser reviews the matches and makes the call, and will say so openly to the player concerned rather than adjusting a board silently. There is no automatic disqualification, no threshold that triggers on its own, and no score that removes anyone by arithmetic. If a decision is made it will be recorded here in the change log with the date.

10. Still being decided

Not yet settled

These are published as open rather than left for someone to discover mid-season. They will be settled and this page updated before entry opens on November 3, 2026, and the version note at the top will say when.

11. Season 0 sweepstakes

A different mechanism from everything above

Sections 1 to 10 describe a competition of skill. This section describes a sweepstakes: winners are drawn at random, no purchase or payment is necessary, and paying an entry fee neither creates an entry nor improves your chances. If you have read one and assumed it governs the other, it does not.

Status

Entry is open as of October 13, 2026. Every condition in this section, including the claim deadline, was published before entry opened and none of it has changed since. Entry closes October 31, 2026 at 7:59 PM Eastern (23:59 UTC) and the draw is held on or before November 15, 2026. You can enter free here, with no account and no gameplay.

11.1 No purchase necessary

No purchase or payment is necessary to enter or to win. A purchase does not improve your chances of winning. Paid league entrants and free players are drawn from the same pool at the same odds.

11.2 The two ways to enter

There are two routes in, and they lead to one pool with one draw:

Both routes are free and both carry exactly one entry. An entry made through the form is worth precisely as much as an entry earned across a season of play. That is the point of it.

One entry per person. Entries are matched on email address. A second entry from the same person is rejected rather than silently ignored, and does not create a second chance.

11.3 Who can enter

11.4 Entry period and the draw

11.5 Claiming a prize

Winners are notified by email at the address on their entry. We do not ask for a postal address until someone has actually won. Nobody hands over their address for a chance at something.

11.6 Winners under 18

A winner aged 13 to 17 does not give us a postal address. The claim form asks that winner for a parent or legal guardian email address instead.

11.7 What we do with your entry, and with the address

An entry holds your name, your email address and your year of birth, and nothing else. The email address is there for two reasons only: to reach you if you win, and to make sure nobody holds two entries. It is not sold, it is not used for marketing, and it is not shared with TWT Audio. Our full privacy policy covers entry data along with everything else we hold.

A shipping address is collected for one purpose, which is posting a prize to the person who won it. It is deleted once the prize has shipped. It is not used for marketing, and it is not shared with a sponsor.

11.8 Odds, sponsors, tax and the rest

Questions about the sweepstakes go to the address in the Questions section below, the same as anything else on this page.

12. Season prizes won on skill

Not a draw

Section 11 describes a sweepstakes: free to enter and decided at random. This section describes prizes decided purely on how you play. Nothing here is random, nothing is drawn, and there is nothing to enter. You are ranked for these automatically from matches you have already played.

12.1 Free to compete for

Both prizes in this section are open to every registered player. No entry fee, no season seat and no purchase of any kind is required, and paying for one confers no advantage of any kind here.

Every Season 0 prize is free to compete for. No payment is taken before 3 November 2026, which is after all three Season 0 prizes have closed. Nobody can buy an advantage in any Season 0 prize.

12.2 Most skill

One TWT Audio headset to the top performer, meaning the highest-ranked eligible player on the Champion Board at the close of the Season 0 prize window on October 31, 2026 at 7:59 PM Eastern (23:59 UTC). This is one of the three headsets listed in section 5.

12.3 Most growth

One TWT Audio headset to the most improved player, meaning the player who improves most across Season 0. This is one of the three headsets listed in section 5.

Why there is a floor

Without one, improvement measured as a percentage rewards a low starting point more than a high finish. A player who had not yet recorded five matches could set their own baseline by playing below their level, and the smaller they made it the larger the result – without ever playing better than anyone else.

The floor puts a limit on what that could be worth. It does not detect intent and does not claim to: a player who genuinely starts low and improves is indistinguishable by arithmetic from one who arranged it. Intent is handled in 9.1, by a person, not here by a formula.

We would rather publish both halves of that than publish a method and quietly hope nobody reads it as instructions.

12.4 One prize per person

No player wins more than one Season 0 prize. The three Season 0 prizes are decided after they close on October 31, 2026 at 7:59 PM Eastern, in a fixed order, and the order is published in advance so nobody has to take it on trust:

  1. Most skill is decided first.
  2. Most growth is decided second. A player who has already won Most skill is passed over, and the prize goes to the next eligible player.
  3. The sweepstakes in section 11 is drawn last, and anyone who has already won either of the above is removed from the pool before the draw is made.

The Season 1 division prizes are not in this order and are not decided here. They are awarded at the Season 1 championship in January 2027, two months after these three are settled, so they cannot sit in a sequence that resolves by November 15, 2026.

Being passed over costs nobody anything they earned: the prize moves down to the next eligible player, and the player who was passed over keeps the prize they already won. Their name still stands at the top of the board they topped.

12.5 Ties

Broken by the earlier of the two qualifying performances. If they remain tied, both prizes are awarded and the next prize in that category is not.

12.6 Who cannot win

The organiser plays and appears on every board, and cannot win any prize in these rules. He is ranked honestly where he actually places; the prize passes to the highest-placed player who is eligible.

12.7 One prize per person holds within a season, not across seasons

The rule in 12.4 applies to the three Season 0 prizes. Winning one of them does not bar anybody from a Season 1 division prize in January 2027.

They are different competitions three months apart with different entry conditions, and barring somebody in January for having won a free prize in October would be wrong. A player who tops the Champion Board in Season 0 and then wins their division in Season 1 keeps both.

A free player cannot win the Season 1 division prizes, which are won by paid division teams and funded by Season 1 entry fees. Every Season 0 prize is free to take part in, and every registered player competes for all three, whether or not they ever pay for anything.

Changes to these rules

This page is versioned and dated at the top. Material changes before the bracket is seeded will be listed here with the date. After brackets are seeded, changes will be limited to correcting errors, and any correction that affects a result will be stated openly rather than edited in silently.

VersionDateChange
1.9 2 October 2026

Season 0 and Season 1 are separated. The division competition is Season 1. When the paid bracket moved to January 2027 in version 1.8, the dates moved and the wording did not. This page still described the WDBF and Open division prizes, and the cash pool that funds them, as Season 0 prizes. They are not, and they never were after the bracket moved.

No prize is withdrawn and nothing anybody has earned is affected. The division categories still exist and are still played for, in January 2027, under Season 1. What changes is which season they belong to and therefore which rules decide them.

Section 5 – the headset breakdown, published as promised before sweepstakes entry opens. Three headsets are awarded in Season 0, one each for Performance, Most Improved and the Compound Score route. The two division headsets are Season 1 and their quantities are published in the Season 1 rules.

Section 12.4 – the decision order loses its first step. It previously decided the paid division prizes first, then Performance, then Most Improved, then the section 11 draw. That order could not be executed: the three Season 0 prizes are awarded by 15 November 2026 and the division prizes are not awarded until the championship ends on 31 January 2027, two and a half months later. The Season 0 order is now Performance, then Most Improved, then the section 11 draw.

Section 12.7 – one prize per person holds within a season, not across seasons. Winning a Season 0 prize does not bar anybody from a Season 1 division prize. They are different competitions three months apart with different entry conditions, and barring someone in January for winning a free prize in October would be wrong. This is stated rather than left to be inferred.

Section 2 – the division table said "Prize eligible: No" against the free division. That column has only ever referred to the paid division prizes, but as written it read as "a free player cannot win anything", which is the opposite of the truth. The column is now headed "Season 1 division prizes" and section 2 states plainly that every division competes for the three Season 0 prizes on equal terms.

Sections 1, 3 and 4 now mark paid league play, the championship, the November 3 entry window and the cash prize pool as Season 1. Section 11.4 drops "when the brackets conclude" from the entry close date, which was left over from an October bracket; entry still closes 31 October 2026 and that date has not moved.

Said plainly, because it is now simply true: every Season 0 prize is free to compete for. No payment is taken before 3 November 2026, which is after all three Season 0 prizes have closed. Nobody can buy an advantage in any Season 0 prize.

1.8 28 September 2026

Section 1 – the paid bracket moves to January 2027. Paid league play moves from 16–31 October 2026 to 12–25 January 2027, with the championship through 31 January. No entry has been sold and no bracket has been seeded, so no payment is affected and there is nothing to refund.

Why: the WDBF championship runs October to December, and January to March is their off season. January is the first window in which the federation's own players are free to compete, and a paid bracket they cannot enter is not a league.

Free play is extended. The three free prizes are not. Free play now runs continuously to 31 January 2027. Compound Score, Performance and Most Improved still close on 31 October 2026 and are still awarded by 15 November 2026, exactly as 11.4 published. Players have already earned places on those boards on the strength of those dates, and those dates are kept. Section 1 now carries a row of its own for them, because free play and the free prizes no longer end together and that should not have to be inferred.

Section 3: entry now opens 3 November 2026, ten weeks before the bracket, so teams can form and pay when they are ready instead of on the day. "No payment is taken before 16 October 2026" becomes "no payment is taken before 3 November 2026". The $9.99 entry, the three-player roster and the refund rule are unchanged. 3 November is after the free prizes close, so no paid entry is open while they are still being decided.

Section 6: the seeding window closes the day before paid bracket play begins, so it moves with the bracket: 15 October 2026 becomes 11 January 2027. The definition did not change.

Section 12.3 – this one is a rule change, not a correction. The 1.6 change corrected a published method that was wrong. This one changes the method itself, and the change log should say so rather than let it read as tidying.

The previous rule set a player's baseline from the average of their first five recorded matches. A player who had not yet recorded five matches could therefore choose their own baseline by playing below their level – and because improvement is measured as a percentage, the lower they made it the larger the result, without ever having to play better than anyone else. Publishing the method told them how. Most registered players had not yet played five matches when it was published.

The baseline now has a floor of 30. A first-five average below 30 is treated as 30. This limits what such an attempt could ever be worth. It does not make it impossible: a player who genuinely starts low and improves cannot be told apart from one who arranged it by arithmetic alone, and we are not going to claim otherwise. No player currently on the board changes position because of the floor, and the player at the top of Most Improved today is the same player who was at the top before it.

Section 9.1 is new and covers the other half: deliberately playing below your level to inflate a later improvement is a conduct breach, the same as deliberately losing to affect seeding. A run of near-zero matches followed by a marked jump, in a player who had not yet set a baseline, is reviewable. The organiser reviews it and decides. No algorithm removes anyone, no threshold fires on its own, and any decision made will be recorded here with the date.

1.7 23 September 2026 Team size corrected, and the entry price now has one home.

Section 3 contained an error. It gave a worked example of “a five-player team pays $49.95”. There is no five-player team. The league is played in trios and the registration form offers no other size, so that figure described a team that could not exist and a price nobody could ever have been charged. It is withdrawn.

Section 3: the trios rule is now stated outright rather than implied by the registration form. Every team is three players, three is both the minimum and the maximum, and a full team is three seats at $29.97.

Sections 1, 3 and 4: the entry price is now set in one place. Section 3 is the authority; section 1 points at it, and section 4 names it as the source of the $6.99 and $3.00 split. The price was previously written out in several places and could have drifted apart. $29.97 now appears in section 3 only, because it is the figure a captain sees at checkout.

1.6 23 September 2026 Season calendar corrected, and paid prizes join the one-prize-per-person rule.

Section 1: free play runs 15 September to 31 October 2026, not to 15 October. Paid league play runs 16 to 31 October 2026 at $9.99 per player. Free play does not end when paid play begins; the two run alongside each other for the final two weeks. This corrects the section 1 table, which disagreed with section 2 – section 2 has always said free division players are ranked all season, and that is what the software does. Play before 16 October remains what seeds the brackets.

Section 1: the free play row is corrected. All players, free and paid, appear on all three boards and compete for all three free prize draws: Compound Score, Performance and Most Improved. What a paid seat buys is eligibility for the bracket prizes, the cash pool and the division headsets.

Section 12: paid division prizes are now decided first, ahead of Performance, Most Improved and the section 11 draw. A player who wins a paid division prize is passed over in all three, and the prize moves to the next eligible player. Section 12.7 previously exempted the paid division prizes from the one-prize-per-person rule entirely. This change means more different people win.

Housekeeping: the version note at the top of this page read 1.4 while this table already carried a 1.5. The header was behind, not the table.

1.522 September 2026Prize structure and season window. Section 5: the in-kind prize categories are restated, and the number of headsets in each is withdrawn pending confirmation with the sponsor. The previously published total of ten no longer applies and no replacement total is published until it is agreed. Two new free prize categories are added, Performance and Most Improved (section 12). No entry existed in the sweepstakes when this change was made, so no entrant was affected. Section 6: the Season 0 window now runs from 3 September 2026 rather than 15 September. The start moved EARLIER, so every match already played by every player now falls inside the season; no player's progress was reduced. Section 12.3: the Most Improved criteria are now published, reversing the previous statement that they were deliberately withheld. The method is a frozen five-match baseline, which cannot be depressed after the fact. Section 12.4: one prize per person, decided in a published order.
1.418 September 2026Roster changes after payment are now decided and are in section 3. Every competing player pays $9.99, including a player added to a team after that team has already paid; that player cannot enter a paid bracket until their seat is covered, and the captain can pay for it at any time. A substitute who takes the place of a departed player uses the seat already paid for and owes nothing further. This replaces the open item previously in section 10, which said the question was undecided while committing that an uncovered player could not enter a paid bracket. The commitment is unchanged; what is new is how a seat gets covered. When a roster locks remains undecided and stays in section 10. No paid entries existed when this change was made, so no entrant was charged under the previous wording.
1.39 September 2026Season 0 calendar restated. Free play is now 15 September to 15 October 2026, four weeks. Paid division and brackets are 16 to 31 October, two weeks. Sweepstakes entry now closes 31 October 2026 rather than 31 December, and the draw is held on or before 15 November 2026 rather than 14 January 2027. The draw therefore now happens after the brackets conclude rather than months later. No entries existed when this change was made, so no entrant's odds or eligibility were altered by it.
1.25 September 2026Most Improved reinstated, as one award across the whole league rather than one per paid division, and free division players are eligible for it. In-kind prize count corrected back to ten headsets: three to each paid division winner, one for Most Improved, three in the sweepstakes. This reverses the withdrawal recorded in 1.1 on the same day; the award was never actually absent from a published season.
1.15 September 2026Added section 11, the Season 0 sweepstakes rules, published in advance of entry opening. Added the 13 and over age floor to section 2. In-kind prize count changed from ten headsets to nine, withdrawing the Most Improved headset and the two per-division Compound Score draws. Superseded the same day by 1.2, which reinstated Most Improved.
1.01 September 2026First publication.

Questions

Anything not covered here, email marcus@trophyplatform.com. If a rule is unclear, that is a problem with the rule and worth telling us about.

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